Tutorial: Move Step4-Ex1 to Step3-Ex2
During the training, we talk about INTERFACE libraries just before Step3 so it makes more sense to do the exercise related to them in Step3
This commit is contained in:
Paul Choisel
parent
6c11f7e4a8
commit
c6a426198a
@ -27,168 +27,7 @@ expressions are the ``0`` and ``1`` expressions. A ``$<0:...>`` results in the
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empty string, and ``<1:...>`` results in the content of ``...``. They can also
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be nested.
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Exercise 1 - Setting the C++ Standard with Interface Libraries
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Before we use :manual:`generator expressions <cmake-generator-expressions(7)>`
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let's refactor our existing code to use an ``INTERFACE`` library. We will
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use that library in the next step to demonstrate a common use for
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:manual:`generator expressions <cmake-generator-expressions(7)>`.
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Goal
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----
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Add an ``INTERFACE`` library target to specify the required C++ standard.
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Helpful Resources
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-----------------
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* :command:`add_library`
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* :command:`target_compile_features`
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* :command:`target_link_libraries`
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Files to Edit
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-------------
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* ``CMakeLists.txt``
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* ``MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt``
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Getting Started
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---------------
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In this exercise, we will refactor our code to use an ``INTERFACE`` library to
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specify the C++ standard.
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The starting source code is provided in the ``Step4`` directory. In this
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exercise, complete ``TODO 1`` through ``TODO 3``.
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Start by editing the top level ``CMakeLists.txt`` file. Construct an
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``INTERFACE`` library target called ``tutorial_compiler_flags`` and
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specify ``cxx_std_11`` as a target compiler feature.
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Modify ``CMakeLists.txt`` and ``MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt`` so that all
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targets have a :command:`target_link_libraries` call to
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``tutorial_compiler_flags``.
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Build and Run
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-------------
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Make a new directory called ``Step4_build``, run the :manual:`cmake <cmake(1)>`
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executable or the :manual:`cmake-gui <cmake-gui(1)>` to configure the project
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and then build it with your chosen build tool or by using ``cmake --build .``
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from the build directory.
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Here's a refresher of what that looks like from the command line:
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.. code-block:: console
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mkdir Step4_build
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cd Step4_build
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cmake ../Step4
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cmake --build .
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Next, use the newly built ``Tutorial`` and verify that it is working as
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expected.
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Solution
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--------
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Let's update our code from the previous step to use interface libraries
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to set our C++ requirements.
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To start, we need to remove the two :command:`set` calls on the variables
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:variable:`CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD` and :variable:`CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED`.
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The specific lines to remove are as follows:
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.. literalinclude:: Step4/CMakeLists.txt
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:caption: CMakeLists.txt
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:name: CMakeLists.txt-CXX_STANDARD-variable-remove
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:language: cmake
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:start-after: # specify the C++ standard
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:end-before: # TODO 6: Create helper variables
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Next, we need to create an interface library, ``tutorial_compiler_flags``. And
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then use :command:`target_compile_features` to add the compiler feature
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``cxx_std_11``.
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.. raw:: html
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<details><summary>TODO 1: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
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.. literalinclude:: Step5/CMakeLists.txt
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:caption: TODO 1: CMakeLists.txt
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:name: CMakeLists.txt-cxx_std-feature
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:language: cmake
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:start-after: # specify the C++ standard
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:end-before: # add compiler warning flags just
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.. raw:: html
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</details>
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Finally, with our interface library set up, we need to link our
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executable ``Target``, our ``MathFunctions`` library, and our ``SqrtLibrary``
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library to our new
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``tutorial_compiler_flags`` library. Respectively, the code will look like
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this:
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.. raw:: html
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<details><summary>TODO 2: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
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.. literalinclude:: Step5/CMakeLists.txt
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:caption: TODO 2: CMakeLists.txt
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:name: CMakeLists.txt-target_link_libraries-step4
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:language: cmake
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:start-after: add_executable(Tutorial tutorial.cxx)
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:end-before: # add the binary tree to the search path for include file
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.. raw:: html
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</details>
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this:
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.. raw:: html
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<details><summary>TODO 3: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
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.. literalinclude:: Step5/MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
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:caption: TODO 3: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
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:name: MathFunctions-CMakeLists.txt-target_link_libraries-step4
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:language: cmake
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:start-after: # link our compiler flags interface library
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:end-before: target_link_libraries(MathFunctions
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.. raw:: html
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</details>
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and this:
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.. raw:: html
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<details><summary>TODO 4: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
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.. literalinclude:: Step5/MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
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:caption: TODO 4: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
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:name: MathFunctions-SqrtLibrary-target_link_libraries-step4
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:language: cmake
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:start-after: target_link_libraries(SqrtLibrary
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:end-before: endif()
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.. raw:: html
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</details>
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With this, all of our code still requires C++ 11 to build. Notice
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though that with this method, it gives us the ability to be specific about
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which targets get specific requirements. In addition, we create a single
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source of truth in our interface library.
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Exercise 2 - Adding Compiler Warning Flags with Generator Expressions
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Exercise 1 - Adding Compiler Warning Flags with Generator Expressions
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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A common usage of
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@ -218,8 +57,8 @@ Files to Edit
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Getting Started
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---------------
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Start with the resulting files from Exercise 1. Complete ``TODO 5`` through
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``TODO 8``.
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Open the file ``Step4/CMakeLists.txt`` and complete ``TODO 1`` through
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``TODO 4``.
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First, in the top level ``CMakeLists.txt`` file, we need to set the
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:command:`cmake_minimum_required` to ``3.15``. In this exercise we are going
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@ -233,12 +72,16 @@ given a language and a set of compiler ids.
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Build and Run
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-------------
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Since we have our build directory already configured from Exercise 1, simply
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rebuild our code by calling the following:
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Make a new directory called ``Step4_build``, run the :manual:`cmake <cmake(1)>`
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executable or the :manual:`cmake-gui <cmake-gui(1)>` to configure the project
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and then build it with your chosen build tool or by using ``cmake --build .``
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from the build directory.
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.. code-block:: console
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mkdir Step4_build
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cd Step4_build
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cmake ../Step4
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cmake --build .
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Solution
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@ -249,10 +92,10 @@ version ``3.15``:
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.. raw:: html
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<details><summary>TODO 5: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
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<details><summary>TODO 1: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
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.. literalinclude:: Step5/CMakeLists.txt
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:caption: TODO 5: CMakeLists.txt
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:caption: TODO 1: CMakeLists.txt
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:name: MathFunctions-CMakeLists.txt-minimum-required-step4
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:language: cmake
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:end-before: # set the project name and version
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@ -268,10 +111,10 @@ variables ``gcc_like_cxx`` and ``msvc_cxx`` as follows:
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.. raw:: html
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<details><summary>TODO 6: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
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<details><summary>TODO 2: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
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.. literalinclude:: Step5/CMakeLists.txt
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:caption: TODO 6: CMakeLists.txt
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:caption: TODO 2: CMakeLists.txt
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:name: CMakeLists.txt-compile_lang_and_id
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:language: cmake
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:start-after: # the BUILD_INTERFACE genex
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@ -289,10 +132,10 @@ interface library.
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.. raw:: html
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<details><summary>TODO 7: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
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<details><summary>TODO 3: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
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.. code-block:: cmake
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:caption: TODO 7: CMakeLists.txt
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:caption: TODO 3: CMakeLists.txt
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:name: CMakeLists.txt-compile_flags
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target_compile_options(tutorial_compiler_flags INTERFACE
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@ -311,10 +154,10 @@ condition. The resulting full code looks like the following:
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.. raw:: html
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<details><summary>TODO 8: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
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<details><summary>TODO 4: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
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.. literalinclude:: Step5/CMakeLists.txt
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:caption: TODO 8: CMakeLists.txt
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:caption: TODO 4: CMakeLists.txt
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:name: CMakeLists.txt-target_compile_options-genex
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:language: cmake
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:start-after: set(msvc_cxx "$<COMPILE_LANG_AND_ID:CXX,MSVC>")
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@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ follows:
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:name: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt-target_include_directories-INTERFACE
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:language: cmake
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:start-after: # to find MathFunctions.h
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:end-before: option
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:end-before: # should we use our own
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.. raw:: html
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@ -108,24 +108,26 @@ follows:
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Now that we've specified usage requirements for ``MathFunctions`` we can
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safely remove our uses of the ``EXTRA_INCLUDES`` variable from the top-level
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``CMakeLists.txt``, here:
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``CMakeLists.txt``.
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Remove this line:
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.. raw:: html
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<details><summary>TODO 2: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
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.. literalinclude:: Step4/CMakeLists.txt
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.. literalinclude:: Step3/CMakeLists.txt
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:caption: TODO 2: CMakeLists.txt
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:name: CMakeLists.txt-remove-EXTRA_INCLUDES
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:language: cmake
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:start-after: # add the MathFunctions library
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:end-before: # TODO 2: Link to tutorial_compiler_flags
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:start-after: add_subdirectory(MathFunctions)
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:end-before: # add the executable
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.. raw:: html
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</details>
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And here:
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And the lines:
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.. raw:: html
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@ -141,7 +143,181 @@ And here:
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</details>
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The remaining code looks like:
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.. raw:: html
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<details><summary>Click to show/hide the resulting code</summary>
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.. literalinclude:: Step4/CMakeLists.txt
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:caption: Remaining code after removing EXTRA_INCLUDES
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:name: CMakeLists.txt-after-removing-EXTRA_INCLUDES
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:language: cmake
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:start-after: add_subdirectory(MathFunctions)
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.. raw:: html
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</details>
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Notice that with this technique, the only thing our executable target does to
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use our library is call :command:`target_link_libraries` with the name
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of the library target. In larger projects, the classic method of specifying
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library dependencies manually becomes very complicated very quickly.
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Exercise 2 - Setting the C++ Standard with Interface Libraries
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Now that we have switched our code to a more modern approach, let's demonstrate
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a modern technique to set properties to multiple targets.
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Let's refactor our existing code to use an ``INTERFACE`` library. We will
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use that library in the next step to demonstrate a common use for
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:manual:`generator expressions <cmake-generator-expressions(7)>`.
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Goal
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----
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Add an ``INTERFACE`` library target to specify the required C++ standard.
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Helpful Resources
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-----------------
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* :command:`add_library`
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* :command:`target_compile_features`
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* :command:`target_link_libraries`
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Files to Edit
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-------------
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* ``CMakeLists.txt``
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* ``MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt``
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Getting Started
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---------------
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In this exercise, we will refactor our code to use an ``INTERFACE`` library to
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specify the C++ standard.
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Start this exercise from what we left at the end of Step3 exercise 1. You will
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have to complete ``TODO 4`` through ``TODO 7``.
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Start by editing the top level ``CMakeLists.txt`` file. Construct an
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``INTERFACE`` library target called ``tutorial_compiler_flags`` and
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specify ``cxx_std_11`` as a target compiler feature.
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Modify ``CMakeLists.txt`` and ``MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt`` so that all
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targets have a :command:`target_link_libraries` call to
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``tutorial_compiler_flags``.
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Build and Run
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-------------
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|
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Since we have our build directory already configured from Exercise 1, simply
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rebuild our code by calling the following:
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.. code-block:: console
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cd Step3_build
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cmake --build .
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Next, use the newly built ``Tutorial`` and verify that it is working as
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expected.
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Solution
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--------
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|
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Let's update our code from the previous step to use interface libraries
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to set our C++ requirements.
|
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|
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To start, we need to remove the two :command:`set` calls on the variables
|
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:variable:`CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD` and :variable:`CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED`.
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The specific lines to remove are as follows:
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.. literalinclude:: Step3/CMakeLists.txt
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:caption: CMakeLists.txt
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:name: CMakeLists.txt-CXX_STANDARD-variable-remove
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:language: cmake
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:start-after: # specify the C++ standard
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:end-before: # configure a header file
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Next, we need to create an interface library, ``tutorial_compiler_flags``. And
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then use :command:`target_compile_features` to add the compiler feature
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``cxx_std_11``.
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.. raw:: html
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<details><summary>TODO 4: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
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.. literalinclude:: Step4/CMakeLists.txt
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:caption: TODO 4: CMakeLists.txt
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:name: CMakeLists.txt-cxx_std-feature
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:language: cmake
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:start-after: # specify the C++ standard
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:end-before: # TODO 2: Create helper
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.. raw:: html
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|
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</details>
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Finally, with our interface library set up, we need to link our
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executable ``Target``, our ``MathFunctions`` library, and our ``SqrtLibrary``
|
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library to our new
|
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``tutorial_compiler_flags`` library. Respectively, the code will look like
|
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this:
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.. raw:: html
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<details><summary>TODO 5: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
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.. literalinclude:: Step4/CMakeLists.txt
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:caption: TODO 5: CMakeLists.txt
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:name: CMakeLists.txt-target_link_libraries-step4
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:language: cmake
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:start-after: add_executable(Tutorial tutorial.cxx)
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:end-before: # add the binary tree to the search path for include file
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.. raw:: html
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</details>
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this:
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.. raw:: html
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<details><summary>TODO 6: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
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.. literalinclude:: Step4/MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
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:caption: TODO 6: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
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:name: MathFunctions-CMakeLists.txt-target_link_libraries-step4
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:language: cmake
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:start-after: # link our compiler flags interface library
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:end-before: target_link_libraries(MathFunctions
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.. raw:: html
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</details>
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and this:
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.. raw:: html
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<details><summary>TODO 7: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
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.. literalinclude:: Step4/MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
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:caption: TODO 7: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
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:name: MathFunctions-SqrtLibrary-target_link_libraries-step4
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:language: cmake
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:start-after: target_link_libraries(SqrtLibrary
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:end-before: endif()
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.. raw:: html
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</details>
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|
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|
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With this, all of our code still requires C++ 11 to build. Notice
|
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though that with this method, it gives us the ability to be specific about
|
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which targets get specific requirements. In addition, we create a single
|
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source of truth in our interface library.
|
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|
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@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ that has sources ``mysqrt.cxx``.
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:name: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt-add_library-SqrtLibrary
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:language: cmake
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:start-after: # library that just does sqrt
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:end-before: target_link_libraries(MathFunctions
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:end-before: # TODO 7: Link
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.. raw:: html
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@ -426,7 +426,8 @@ enabled.
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:caption: TODO 13 : MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
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:name: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt-target_link_libraries-SqrtLibrary
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:language: cmake
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:lines: 16-18
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:start-after: to tutorial_compiler_flags
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:end-before: endif()
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.. raw:: html
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@ -3,6 +3,12 @@ cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)
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# set the project name and version
|
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project(Tutorial VERSION 1.0)
|
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# TODO 4: Replace the following code by:
|
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# * Creating an interface library called tutorial_compiler_flags
|
||||
# Hint: use add_library() with the INTERFACE signature
|
||||
# * Add compiler feature cxx_std_11 to tutorial_compiler_flags
|
||||
# Hint: Use target_compile_features()
|
||||
|
||||
# specify the C++ standard
|
||||
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
|
||||
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED True)
|
||||
@ -20,6 +26,8 @@ list(APPEND EXTRA_INCLUDES "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/MathFunctions")
|
||||
# add the executable
|
||||
add_executable(Tutorial tutorial.cxx)
|
||||
|
||||
# TODO 5: Link Tutorial to tutorial_compiler_flags
|
||||
|
||||
target_link_libraries(Tutorial PUBLIC MathFunctions)
|
||||
|
||||
# TODO 3: Remove use of EXTRA_INCLUDES
|
||||
|
||||
@ -14,5 +14,9 @@ if (USE_MYMATH)
|
||||
mysqrt.cxx
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
# TODO 7: Link SqrtLibrary to tutorial_compiler_flags
|
||||
|
||||
target_link_libraries(MathFunctions PUBLIC SqrtLibrary)
|
||||
endif()
|
||||
|
||||
# TODO 6: Link MathFunctions to tutorial_compiler_flags
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,33 +1,27 @@
|
||||
# TODO 5: Update the minimum required version to 3.15
|
||||
# TODO 1: Update the minimum required version to 3.15
|
||||
|
||||
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)
|
||||
|
||||
# set the project name and version
|
||||
project(Tutorial VERSION 1.0)
|
||||
|
||||
# TODO 1: Replace the following code by:
|
||||
# * Creating an interface library called tutorial_compiler_flags
|
||||
# Hint: use add_library() with the INTERFACE signature
|
||||
# * Add compiler feature cxx_std_11 to tutorial_compiler_flags
|
||||
# Hint: Use target_compile_features()
|
||||
|
||||
# specify the C++ standard
|
||||
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
|
||||
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED True)
|
||||
add_library(tutorial_compiler_flags INTERFACE)
|
||||
target_compile_features(tutorial_compiler_flags INTERFACE cxx_std_11)
|
||||
|
||||
# TODO 6: Create helper variables to determine which compiler we are using:
|
||||
# TODO 2: Create helper variables to determine which compiler we are using:
|
||||
# * Create a new variable gcc_like_cxx that is true if we are using CXX and
|
||||
# any of the following compilers: ARMClang, AppleClang, Clang, GNU, LCC
|
||||
# * Create a new variable msvc_cxx that is true if we are using CXX and MSVC
|
||||
# Hint: Use set() and COMPILE_LANG_AND_ID
|
||||
|
||||
# TODO 7: Add warning flag compile options to the interface library
|
||||
# TODO 3: Add warning flag compile options to the interface library
|
||||
# tutorial_compiler_flags.
|
||||
# * For gcc_like_cxx, add flags -Wall;-Wextra;-Wshadow;-Wformat=2;-Wunused
|
||||
# * For msvc_cxx, add flags -W3
|
||||
# Hint: Use target_compile_options()
|
||||
|
||||
# TODO 8: With nested generator expressions, only use the flags for the
|
||||
# TODO 4: With nested generator expressions, only use the flags for the
|
||||
# build-tree
|
||||
# Hint: Use BUILD_INTERFACE
|
||||
|
||||
@ -41,9 +35,7 @@ add_subdirectory(MathFunctions)
|
||||
# add the executable
|
||||
add_executable(Tutorial tutorial.cxx)
|
||||
|
||||
# TODO 2: Link to tutorial_compiler_flags
|
||||
|
||||
target_link_libraries(Tutorial PUBLIC MathFunctions)
|
||||
target_link_libraries(Tutorial PUBLIC MathFunctions tutorial_compiler_flags)
|
||||
|
||||
# add the binary tree to the search path for include files
|
||||
# so that we will find TutorialConfig.h
|
||||
|
||||
@ -17,9 +17,10 @@ if (USE_MYMATH)
|
||||
mysqrt.cxx
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
# TODO 4: Link to tutorial_compiler_flags
|
||||
|
||||
# link our compiler flags interface library
|
||||
target_link_libraries(SqrtLibrary PUBLIC tutorial_compiler_flags)
|
||||
target_link_libraries(MathFunctions PUBLIC SqrtLibrary)
|
||||
endif()
|
||||
|
||||
# TODO 3: Link to tutorial_compiler_flags
|
||||
# link our compiler flags interface library
|
||||
target_link_libraries(MathFunctions PUBLIC tutorial_compiler_flags)
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user