ci: Update to ROCm 6 HIP on Fedora 41

The problem that motivated commit 3a44b8dfc0 (ci: Move job for HIP tests
on Fedora 39 to a dedicated base image, 2024-04-24, v3.30.0-rc1~202^2~11)
turns out to be exposed by spaces in the path to HIP binaries.  Move the
CI work directory to a path without spaces.

Closes: #25932

.gitlab-ci.yml

@@ -219,9 +219,9 @@ t:debian12-hip-radeon:
     variables:
         CMAKE_CI_JOB_NIGHTLY: "true"
 
-t:fedora39-hip-radeon:
+t:fedora41-hip-radeon:
     extends:
-        - .fedora39_hip_radeon
+        - .fedora41_hip_radeon
         - .cmake_test_linux_release
         - .linux_x86_64_tags_radeon
         - .run_dependent

.gitlab/ci/docker/fedora41-hip/Dockerfile

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # syntax=docker/dockerfile:1
 
-ARG BASE_IMAGE=fedora:39
+ARG BASE_IMAGE=fedora:41
 
 FROM ${BASE_IMAGE} AS dnf-cache
 # Populate DNF cache w/ the fresh metadata and prefetch packages.
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ LABEL maintainer="Brad King <brad.king@kitware.com>"
 
 RUN --mount=type=bind,source=install_deps.sh,target=/root/install_deps.sh \
     --mount=type=bind,source=deps_packages.lst,target=/root/deps_packages.lst \
-    --mount=type=cache,from=dnf-cache,source=/var/cache/dnf,target=/var/cache/dnf,sharing=private \
+    --mount=type=cache,from=dnf-cache,source=/var/lib/dnf,target=/var/lib/dnf,sharing=private \
     --mount=type=cache,target=/var/cache/pip \
     --mount=type=tmpfs,target=/var/log \
     --mount=type=tmpfs,target=/tmp \

.gitlab/ci/env_fedora39_hip_radeon.sh

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-export HIPCXX=/usr/bin/clang++-17

.gitlab/ci/env_fedora41_hip_radeon.sh

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export HIPCXX=/usr/bin/clang++-18

.gitlab/os-linux.yml

@@ -71,12 +71,12 @@
         GIT_CLONE_PATH: "$CI_BUILDS_DIR/cmake ci/long file name for testing purposes"
         CMAKE_ARCH: x86_64
 
-# FIXME(#25932): Our HIP tests do not fully work in CI with Fedora 40.
-.fedora39_hip:
-    image: "kitware/cmake:ci-fedora39-hip-x86_64-2024-04-24"
+.fedora41_hip:
+    image: "kitware/cmake:ci-fedora41-hip-x86_64-2024-12-02"
 
     variables:
-        GIT_CLONE_PATH: "$CI_BUILDS_DIR/cmake ci"
+        # FIXME(rocclr): device modules fail loading from binaries in paths with spaces
+        GIT_CLONE_PATH: "$CI_BUILDS_DIR/cmake-ci"
         CMAKE_ARCH: x86_64
 
 #### Lint builds
@@ -438,11 +438,11 @@
         CMAKE_CONFIGURATION: debian12_hip_radeon
         CTEST_LABELS: "HIP"
 
-.fedora39_hip_radeon:
-    extends: .fedora39_hip
+.fedora41_hip_radeon:
+    extends: .fedora41_hip
 
     variables:
-        CMAKE_CONFIGURATION: fedora39_hip_radeon
+        CMAKE_CONFIGURATION: fedora41_hip_radeon
         CTEST_LABELS: "HIP"
 
 .hip5.5_nvidia: