Propagate the refactor in Step 10 MathFunctions through all of the
steps. Use MathFunctions/MathFunctions.cxx instead of Tutorial.cxx
to determine which sqrt library is called. Adds .h files which
correspond to their .cxx files by name.
Since commit 07223c5c27 (Tutorial: Update Step 5 to work on Windows,
2020-02-18, v3.18.0-rc1~655^2) the logic does not work on non-Windows
platforms when cmake is re-run on an existing build tree. It is also
more complicated than we'd like for a tutorial example. Avoid the need
to consider the `m` library case by performing the check as C++.
Since `check_cxx_symbol_exists` cannot handle overloaded functions
like `exp` and `log`, check with `check_cxx_source_compiles` instead.
This also presents a more general-purpose example in the tutorial.
Fixes: #23524
Extend the change from commit 9e5bbb69ea (Tutorial: Add captions for
code blocks, 2021-06-11) to also add a Sphinx named target to code
blocks. Name each target after the change the code block makes.
